Industry Research Report on the Oil & Gas in Brazil.¶
Value Chain outline¶
The Oil & Gas industry value chain in Brazil is broadly segmented into three main parts: Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream. Some analyses also include Research and Development as a cross-cutting activity. The industry is characterized by its strategic importance to the Brazilian economy, with a significant contribution to the country's GDP.
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Identification and description of each step in the value chain
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Upstream: This initial phase encompasses all activities related to the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas. It is considered the phase with higher investment risks, but also the potential for significant profits.
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
- Exploration: This segment involves the search for potential oil and natural gas reserves. It includes geological and geophysical studies, seismic surveys, and the drilling of exploratory wells to identify commercially viable accumulations.
- Production: Following successful exploration and field development, this segment focuses on the extraction of hydrocarbons from reservoirs, processing the raw product to separate oil, gas, and water, and preparing it for transportation. This phase is typically long, lasting several decades.
- List of types of players in each segment
- International Oil Companies (IOCs)
- National Oil Companies (NOCs)
- Independent Oil and Gas Companies
- Service Providers (geophysical services, drilling contractors, well services)
- Equipment Manufacturers
- Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
- Exploration:
- Geological and geophysical studies: Analyzing rock formations and subsurface structures.
- Seismic surveys: Using sound waves to create images of underground layers and identify potential hydrocarbon traps.
- Drilling exploratory wells: Proving the presence and commercial viability of reserves.
- Prospect testing and evaluation.
- Production:
- Drilling and completing production wells.
- Installing production infrastructure (platforms, subsea equipment).
- Extracting crude oil and natural gas.
- Processing and treating hydrocarbons to remove impurities.
- Storing and preparing oil and gas for transportation.
- Field development and management to maximize recovery.
- Maintenance, inspection, and repair of facilities.
- Exploration:
- List examples of key players with detailed profiles. (See Examples of Main Players section below for detailed profiles)
- Petrobras
- Shell Brasil
- Equinor Brasil
- TotalEnergies EP
- PRIO (PetroRio)
- 3R Petroleum
- Exxon Mobil Corporation
- BP Plc
- Enauta Participacoes SA
- Murphy Oil Corporation
- Chevron Corporation
- Seacrest Petróleo
- Capixaba Energia
- Imetame
- BGM
- Mandacaru Energia
- Vipetro
- Companies associated with ABESPetro (service providers for E&P)
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
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Midstream: This phase connects the Upstream and Downstream segments and involves the transportation and storage of crude oil and natural gas.
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
- Transportation: Moving crude oil from production sites to refineries and natural gas from production sites to processing plants and distribution networks.
- Storage: Holding crude oil and natural gas in various facilities before processing or distribution.
- List of types of players in each segment
- Pipeline operators
- Terminal operators
- Shipping companies (tankers)
- Logistics providers
- Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
- Transportation:
- Operating and maintaining oil and gas pipelines.
- Managing tanker fleets for maritime transport.
- Operating trucks and rail cars for inland transport.
- Managing port and terminal operations.
- Storage:
- Operating crude oil storage tanks.
- Operating natural gas storage facilities.
- Managing inventory and logistics.
- Transportation:
- List examples of key players with detailed profiles. (See Examples of Main Players section below for detailed profiles)
- Petrobras (through its subsidiary Transpetro, though not explicitly mentioned in the provided snippets for Midstream activities, it is a major player in transportation)
- Gas TransBoliviano SA
- BR Partners Logística Internacional
- Companies involved in the construction and operation of pipelines and terminals.
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
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Downstream: This final phase focuses on refining crude oil into various products, distributing and marketing these products to end consumers. It is the segment with the largest number of companies in Brazil.
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
- Refining: Processing crude oil through various techniques to produce marketable products like gasoline, diesel, LPG, jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.
- Distribution and Marketing: Transporting refined products from refineries to distribution bases, and then to retail outlets and industrial customers. This includes wholesale and retail sales.
- List of types of players in each segment
- Refinery operators
- Fuel distributors (wholesale)
- Retailers (service stations)
- LPG distributors
- Petrochemical companies
- Lubricant producers
- Rerefiners of lubricants
- Foreign trade agents
- Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
- Refining:
- Operating refineries to process crude oil.
- Producing various petroleum derivatives.
- Implementing technologies for cleaner fuels (e.g., Diesel S10).
- Investing in capacity expansion and modernization.
- Distribution and Marketing:
- Transporting refined products via pipelines, trucks, rail, and ships.
- Operating primary and secondary distribution bases.
- Managing a network of service stations.
- Selling fuels, lubricants, and other related products.
- Marketing and branding of fuel products.
- Distributing LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
- Refining:
- List examples of key players with detailed profiles. (See Examples of Main Players section below for detailed profiles)
- Petrobras
- Raízen
- Vibra Energia
- Ultrapar (Ipiranga, Ultragaz)
- Shell Brasil (via Raízen JV)
- Repsol SA
- Refinaria de Petróleo Riograndense SA
- Dax Oil Refino S.A.
- Univen Refinaria de Petróleo Ltda
- SSoil Energy
- Braskem SA
- TotalEnergies Brasil Distribuidora
- Distribuidora Equador
- Supergasbras
- Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
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Show estimates of volumes and sizes of each step in the value chain.
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Upstream (Production):
- Brazil's total production of oil and natural gas reached a record of 4.344 million boed in 2023.
- Average oil production in 2023 was 3.402 million bbl/d.
- Average natural gas production in 2023 was 150 million m³/d.
- In February 2025, total production was 4.487 million boe/d, with oil at 3.488 million bbl/d and natural gas at 158.76 million m³/d.
- In January 2025, total production was 4.460 million boe/d, with oil at 3.449 million bbl/d and natural gas at 160.76 million m³/d.
- In March 2025, production increased by 9.31% compared to March 2024, reaching 4.658 million boed. Oil production was 3.618 million bpd and natural gas was 165.4 million m³/d.
- Pre-salt production is significant, representing 78.29% of the national production in 2024, 78.8% in February 2025, and 77.9% in January 2025. In March 2025, it was 79.76% of the total.
- ANP estimates average production volumes between 2025 and 2029 to be 4.28 million bbl/d of oil and 221 million m³/d of natural gas (193 million m³/d after CO2 removal).
- Reserves: As of December 31, 2024, Brazil had proven oil reserves of 16.8 billion barrels, a 6% increase from the end of 2023. This volume is sufficient for 13.7 years of production at the 2024 rate.
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Midstream (Transportation & Storage):
- Limited specific volume data for the entire midstream sector in the provided sources.
- Petrobras has a significant network of pipelines and terminals.
- Investments are planned in new pipelines for the Central-West region.
- Movement of crude oil at Brazilian ports reached 2.7 million bpd in 2023, considering exports and imports.
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Downstream (Refining & Distribution):
- Refining Capacity: Brazil had a refining capacity of around 2.3 million bpd in 2023, ranking ninth globally. The effective refining capacity in August 2024 was not necessarily the same as the authorized capacity by ANP. Petrobras operates 12 large refineries. The total capacity of the refining park is projected to reach 2.105 million bpd by 2029, up from 1.813 million bpd currently.
- Refined Products Production: Petrobras's production of gasoline reached 24.4 billion liters in 2024, a record volume. Production of Diesel S-10 also set a record in 2024, reaching 26.3 billion liters.
- Fuel Sales (Distribution & Marketing):
- In 2024, 133.1 billion liters of automotive liquid fuels were sold in Brazil.
- Gasoline C sales in 2024 were 44.19 billion liters (4% decrease from 2023). In 2023, gasoline sales were 46 billion liters.
- Hydrated ethanol sales in 2024 were 21.66 billion liters (33.4% increase from 2023). In 2023, ethanol sales were 16.2 billion liters.
- Diesel B sales in 2024 were 67.25 billion liters (2.6% increase from 2023). In 2023, diesel sales were 65.5 billion liters.
- GLP sales in 2024 were 7.57 million cubic meters (2.2% increase from 2023). In 2023, GLP P-13 sales were 9.3 million m³, a slight reduction from 2022.
- Biodiesel sales in 2024 were 8.96 billion liters, up from 7.34 billion liters in 2023.
- As of the end of 2024, there were 131,278 regulated agents in the supply sector, including 44,678 service stations and 58,283 LPG resellers.
- In October 2024, gasoline sales were 3.86 billion liters (up 3.9% vs. Oct 2023), and hydrated ethanol sales were 1.86 billion liters (up 14.4% vs. Oct 2023). Year-to-date until October 2024, gasoline sales accumulated a 4.5% drop, while ethanol sales rose by 40.7% compared to the same period in 2023. Diesel B sales in October 2024 reached a monthly record of 6.23 billion liters (up 8.1% vs. Oct 2023).
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Value Chain Summary Table¶
Value Chain Step | Segments | Main Activities | Types of Players | Key Players (Examples) | Estimated Volumes/Sizes (2023/2024/2025) |
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Upstream | Exploration, Production | Geophysical surveys, well drilling, field development, extraction, processing, storage (initial) | IOCs, NOCs, Independents, Service Providers, Equipment Manufacturers | Petrobras, Shell Brasil, Equinor Brasil, TotalEnergies EP, PRIO, 3R Petroleum, Exxon Mobil, BP, Enauta, Murphy Oil, Chevron, Seacrest Petróleo | Production (2023): 4.344 million boed (total), 3.402 million bbl/d (oil), 150 million m³/d (gas). Production (Feb 2025): 4.487 million boe/d (total), 3.488 million bbl/d (oil), 158.76 million m³/d (gas). Reserves (End 2024): 16.8 billion barrels (proven oil). |
Midstream | Transportation, Storage | Pipeline operation, maritime transport, road/rail transport, terminal operation, inventory management | Pipeline Operators, Terminal Operators, Shipping Companies, Logistics Providers | Petrobras (Transpetro), Gas TransBoliviano SA, BR Partners Logística Internacional | Crude oil movement at ports (2023): 2.7 million bpd. Investments planned in new infrastructure. |
Downstream | Refining, Distribution, Marketing | Crude oil refining, production of derivatives, product transportation, wholesale/retail sales, LPG distribution | Refinery Operators, Fuel Distributors, Retailers, LPG Distributors, Petrochemical Cos. | Petrobras, Raízen, Vibra Energia, Ultrapar, Shell Brasil (via Raízen), Repsol, Refinaria de Petróleo Riograndense, Dax Oil, Univen, SSoil Energy | Refining Capacity (2023): ~2.3 million bpd. Projected Capacity (2029): 2.105 million bpd. Fuel Sales (2024): 133.1 billion liters (automotive liquid fuels). GLP Sales (2024): 7.57 million m³. |
Examples of Main Players¶
Here are profiles of some of the most relevant players across the value chain in Brazil:
- Petrobras: A state-owned Brazilian company with a dominant presence across the entire oil, natural gas, and derivatives value chain, from exploration and production to refining, transportation, and marketing. It is the largest company in Brazil by revenue. Petrobras has a strong focus on pre-salt exploration and production and is investing to increase its refining capacity, particularly for diesel. The company has also been engaged in a divestment program, selling non-core assets, though it is also considering potentially repurchasing some in the future. Petrobras achieved record production and financial results in 2023. In 2023, Petrobras's operated production was 2.78 million boed, with total operated production at 4.04 million boed. Its average production was 3.402 million bbl/d of oil and 150 million m³/d of gas. Petrobras operates 11 refineries with a capacity of 1.851 million bbl/d and holds 14 of the 18 refineries in Brazil with over 2 million bbl/d capacity. Petrobras reported R$ 511.994,00 million in revenue. [Source: Provided Context, 9, 10, 12, 13, 26, 33, 36]
- Shell Brasil: The Brazilian subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, a major international energy company. Shell is active in E&P in Brazil, with a significant focus on pre-salt areas. It is also involved in the downstream sector through its joint venture with Cosan, Raízen. Shell was the second largest producer in Brazil in 2022 and has plans to expand its operations, including new E&P projects and investments in renewables and biofuels. The company sees potential in new exploratory frontiers like the Equatorial Margin. In 2023, Shell's operated production was 33,933 bbl/d of oil and 342.79 thousand m³/d of gas (according to ANP data). The company expected average production of 400 thousand boed in 2023. Shell was responsible for 12% of national oil production and 11.8% of natural gas production in 2022. [Source: Provided Context, 8, 12, 21]
- Raízen: A joint venture between Cosan and Shell, making it a significant player in the Brazilian energy sector with activities in sugar and ethanol production, bioenergy, and fuel distribution and marketing. Raízen distributes fuels under the Shell brand and its own. The company has invested significantly in renewable energy, including second-generation ethanol. Raízen experienced a revenue drop in the fiscal year ending March 2024 compared to the previous year. In the 2023/24 season, Raízen processed 84.2 million tons of sugarcane and produced 5.84 million tons of sugar and 3.15 billion liters of 1st generation ethanol. They also produced 36 million liters of 2nd generation ethanol. The volume of sugar sales in fiscal year 2023/2024 was 2.655 million tons. Raízen's revenue was R$ 220.454,20 million. [Source: Provided Context, 9, 12]
- Vibra Energia: Formerly Petrobras Distribuidora, Vibra Energia is the largest fuel and lubricant distributor in Brazil. It operates a large network of service stations under the Petrobras brand (licensed) and distributes biofuels, lubricants, and other products. Vibra Energia achieved its highest net income since its IPO in 2023 and is focused on improving operational performance and financial results. In Q3 2024, their sales volume was 9.38 million cubic meters. Vibra Energia's revenue was R$ 162.947,00 million. [Source: Provided Context, 9, 12, 21, 25]
- PRIO (PetroRio): The largest independent oil and gas company in Brazil, specializing in acquiring and redeveloping mature fields. PRIO focuses on increasing production and reserves through efficiency and investments. The company achieved record production and financial results in 2023. PRIO ranked 99th among the largest companies in Brazil by revenue in 2024 (based on 2023 data). PRIO reached a record average production of 91 thousand boe/d in Q2 2023, hitting 100 kboepd. Production was 100,308 boepd in Q4 2023, and the average production in Q1 2023 was 61 thousand boe/d. Operated production in 2023 was 85,744 bbl/d oil and 1,008.52 thousand m³/d gas (ANP data under Petro Rio Jaguar). PRIO's revenue was R$ 11.9 billion. [Source: Provided Context, 36, 43]
- 3R Petroleum: A Brazilian oil and gas company that has entered the top 100 largest companies in Brazil by revenue in 2024 (based on 2023 data), ranking 94th. 3R Petroleum is also involved in the acquisition and redevelopment of mature fields, including assets acquired from Petrobras. [Source: Provided Context, 36]
Volumes and Sizes¶
Estimates of volumes and sizes across the value chain based on available
- Overall Production: Brazil's total production of oil and natural gas set a record in 2023 at 4.344 million boed. Projections for 2025-2029 estimate average production of 4.28 million bbl/d of oil and 221 million m³/d of natural gas (193 million m³/d net of CO2).
- Oil Production: Average oil production was 3.402 million bbl/d in 2023. February 2025 saw production of 3.488 million bbl/d, while January 2025 recorded 3.449 million bbl/d. March 2025 production was 3.618 million bpd.
- Natural Gas Production: Average natural gas production was 150 million m³/d in 2023. February 2025 production was 158.76 million m³/d, and January 2025 was 160.76 million m³/d. March 2025 production was 165.4 million m³/d.
- Pre-Salt Production: The pre-salt layer is a major contributor, accounting for over 78% of Brazil's total production in recent periods.
- Proven Reserves: As of the end of 2024, Brazil's proven oil reserves stood at 16.8 billion barrels, indicating over a decade of reserves at current production rates.
- Refining Capacity: Brazil had a refining capacity of approximately 2.3 million bpd in 2023. This is projected to increase to 2.105 million bpd by 2029 with planned investments.
- Fuel Sales: In 2024, sales of automotive liquid fuels totaled 133.1 billion liters. Diesel was the most sold fuel (67.25 billion liters), followed by gasoline C (44.19 billion liters) and hydrated ethanol (21.66 billion liters). LPG sales in 2024 were 7.57 million m³.
- Market Share in Fuel Distribution (2023): Vibra Energia led the gasoline market with 24.1% share, followed by Ipiranga (Ultrapar) at 18.5% and Raízen at 16.9%. Raízen led in ethanol sales with 19.2%, followed by Vibra at 17.3% and Ipiranga at 17%.
- Investments: Predicted investments in the production phase of E&P contracts are around R$ 609 billion between 2025 and 2029, with approximately R$ 140 billion expected in 2025 alone. Investments in the exploration phase are predicted to be around R$ 10 billion in 2024 and R$ 7.64 billion in 2025, totaling R$ 18.31 billion between 2024 and 2027. Petrobras's business plan for 2025-2029 includes a total investment of US$ 111 billion, with US$ 77 billion allocated to E&P and US$ 20 billion to refining, transportation, and marketing.
References¶
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